By Colin A. McCannel MD, FACS (auth.), Aniz Girach, Marc D. de Smet (eds.)
This clinically orientated publication is the 1st to be committed utterly to the prognosis and remedy of vitreo-macular interface sickness, characterised by way of a mixture of vitreo-macular adhesion (VMA) and vitreo-macular traction (VMT) that's implicated in numerous problems. World-renowned specialists within the box talk about epidemiologic, anatomic, and physiologic facets, rfile the findings bought with more moderen imaging recommendations, equivalent to spectral area optical coherence tomography, describe the remedies, and file at the result of preclinical and scientific trials, together with a few formerly unpublished findings. This ebook will end up necessary for ophthalmologists as we develop towards a destiny during which remedies of illnesses resembling age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy will most probably require adjunctive treatment to take on VMA/VMT concurrently.
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4 Transmission electron microscopy of human vitreous. Transmission electron microscopy of human vitreous demonstrates collagen fibrils organized in a bundle of parallel fibrils as seen her in cross section 33 (Fig. 8, top row) are visible. The vitreous body is dense because collagen and non-HA proteoglycans are the principal structural components (Sebag 1989, 1998b; Bishop 2000; Sebag and Yee 2005; Balazs 1961). HA synthesis begins after birth, increasing transparency by spreading apart collagen fibrils.
2010). Hyalocytes have a lobulated nucleus, a moderate amount of mitochondria, and PASpositive granules. Their shape varies from round or oval to an irregular shape with cytoplasmic projections. Amoeboid movements of the whole cell within the vitreous have been demonstrated (Balazs et al. 1964). The cells are concentrated at the peripheral vitreous, at the vitreous base, along the posterior pole and blood vessels and appear to be important in maintaining the vitreous clear and avascular through vitreous cavity immune modulation (Ponsioen et al.
1985). An intact blood-retinal barrier restricts the entry of proteins and other molecules into the vitreous. Dyes and antibiotics normally do not pass into the vitreous due to the unidirectional pump action at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Certain antibiotics with high lipid solubility are able to bypass the blood-retinal barrier (Gloor 1981; Bleeker et al. 1968) and are thereby detectable within the vitreous. Elimination of drugs from the vitreous across the blood-retinal barrier occurs via an active transport mechanism.