By Peter Baehr, Melvin Richter
A extraordinary staff of historians and political theorists learn the advanced courting among nineteenth-century democracy, nationalism, and authoritarianism, paying especial consciousness to the careers of Napoleon I and III, and of Bismarck. a major contribution of the e-book is to think about not just the momentous episodes of coup d'etat, revolution, and imperial beginning which the Napoleonic period heralded, but in addition the contested political language with which those occasions have been defined and assessed. Political thinkers have been confronted with a battery of recent phrases - 'Bonapartism', 'Caesarism', and 'Imperialism' between them - with which to make feel in their period. in addition to documenting the political historical past of a innovative age, the ebook examines a sequence of thinkers - Tocqueville, Marx, Max Weber, Antonio Gramsci, Carl Schmitt, and Hannah Arendt - who articulated and helped to reshare our feel of the political.
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Extra resources for Dictatorship in History and Theory: Bonapartism, Caesarism, and Totalitarianism (Publications of the German Historical Institute)
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95. 24 Ibid. 0521825636c01 0 521 825636 September 27, 2003 40 20:30 Isser Woloch the lack of an agreeable alternative, a lingering confidence in Napoleon’s commitment to the revolutionary legacy, and above all his habituation to public service prevailed over Berlier’s mortally wounded republican sensibility. With a lesser degree of angst, the same was true of Boulay de la Meurthe. During the Council’s debate on the imperial option, Boulay supported Berlier’s attempt to at least postpone the transition.
Some chapters treat the ways that major theorists such as Tocqueville and Marx conceptualized these two sets of events and, by treating them as either the same phenomenon, or as drastically different, took positions that became crucial to nineteenth-century theories of politics and history. Other chapters examine such issues as the sustained historical analogies with classical Rome 0521825636int 0 521 825636 September 26, 2003 7:17 Introduction 25 that were such a striking feature of nineteenth-century political argument; the alleged parallels between Bismarck and Louis Napoleon; and, in the twentieth century, the supposed Bonapartism of Charles de Gaulle.
Properly understood, Schmitt seemed to be saying, Caesarism, Bonapartism, and Bolshevism could all be countered in periods of modern emergency by resort to “commissarial” dictatorship. Yet, as John McCormick shows, Schmitt’s argument became ever more extreme. From appearing to defend the idea and practice of commissarial dictatorship, Schmitt gradually abandoned it, substituting right-wing Caesarism for its leftist incarnation. By the time Schmitt joined the National Socialist party in May 1933, the unchecked “plebiscitary legitimacy” of the leader of the Reich had replaced the “statutory legality” of constitutional instruments and assemblies.