By WHO Technical Report Series
This file of a WHO specialist Committee experiences present wisdom of Chagas illness and its pathogenesis discusses the causative parasite the triatomine vectors and the usual reservoirs of an infection and considers the epidemiology and prevalence developments of the disorder. Prevention and regulate suggestions are defined as are many of the formal projects for interruption of affliction transmission. The file concludes by means of picking out priorities for study and delivering assistance for the making plans implementation and strengthening of nationwide keep watch over courses.
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Additional resources for Control of Chagas Disease: 2nd Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Chagas Disease (Technical Report Series)
Example text
The fact that triatomines are obligatory blood-feeders explains the strict relationship between the insects and their feeding sources which markedly affects their biology and behaviour. Some species are highly adapted to a single host, and are able to survive only in the microhabitat occupied by this particular host. This group includes Psammolestes, which colonizes the nests of birds of the family Furnariidae. Under laboratory conditions, its nymphs rarely reach the adult phase, making it difficult to maintain for more than one generation.
On the other hand, children have a markedly higher tolerance of the treatment. The general benefits provided by benznidazole in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease indicate that treatment with this drug should be recommended for any individual with positive serology (38). The results of several trials carried out in humans to assess the efficacy of allopurinol have indicated that this drug lacks any demonstrable parasiticidal activity. 2 Drug development Although benznidazole is an effective drug for the treatment of Chagas disease, there is a need for new drugs that can be administered for shorter periods and have fewer or no side-effects so as to increase treatment efficacy.
Cruzi-specific genes. html. It is hoped that the T. cruzi genome project will serve to identify new targets for drug development and increase the understanding both of the host–parasite relationship and of the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis. 4. 1 Taxonomy The vectors of T. cruzi are insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, family Reduviidae and subfamily Triatominae. Currently, over 130 species are known, belonging to five tribes (Alberproseniini, Bolboderini, Cavernicolini, Rhodniini, and Triatomini) and 16 genera (Alberprosenia, Martínez & Carcavallo, 1977; Bolbodera, Valdés, 1910; Belminus, Stål, 1859; Microtriatoma, Prosen & Martínez, 1952; Parabelminus, Lent, 1943; Cavernicola, Barber, 1937; Torrealbaia, Carcavallo, Jurberg & Lent, 1998; Psammolestes, Bergroth, 1911; Rhodnius, Stål, 1859; Dipetalogaster, Usinger, 1939; Eratyrus, Stål, 1859; Hermanlentia, Jurberg & Galvão, 1997; Mepraia, Mazza, Gajardo & Jörg, 1940; Panstrongylus, Berg, 1879; Paratriatoma, Barber, 1938; and Triatoma, Laporte, 1832).