By Norval Morris
Around the kingdom prisons are jammed to means and, in severe instances, barges and cellular houses are used to stem the overflow. Probation officials in a few towns have caseloads of 2 hundred and more--hardly a workable variety of offenders to trace and supervise. And with approximately a million humans in legal and prison, and and a part million on probation, it really is transparent we're experiencing a predicament in our penal approach. In among criminal and Probation, Norval Morris and Michael Tonry, of the nation's top criminologists, provide a big and well timed method for easing those difficulties. They argue that our crushed corrections process can't take care of the move of convicted offenders as the extremes of punishment--imprisonment and probation--are either used excessively, with a near-vacuum of precious punishments in among. Morris and Tonry suggest as an alternative a accomplished software that depends on more than a few punishment together with fines and different monetary sanctions, group provider, condo arrest, extensive probation, heavily supervised therapy courses for medications, alcohol and psychological disease, and digital tracking of flow. utilized in rational combos, those "intermediate" punishments might larger serve the group than our current polarized selection. critical attention of those punishments has been hindered through the frequent conception that they're healing instead of punitive. the truth, even if, Morris and Tonry argue, "is that the yank felony justice approach is either too serious and too lenient--almost randomly." Systematically applied and conscientiously enforced, intermediate punishments can "better and extra economically serve the group, the sufferer, and the legal than the criminal phrases and probation orders they supplant." among legal and Probation is going past mere advocacy of an expanding use of intermediate punishments; the publication additionally addresses the tricky job of becoming those punishments right into a entire, reasonable and community-protective sentencing process.
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Additional info for Between Prison and Probation: Intermediate Punishments in a Rational Sentencing System
Sample text
Quite apart from the availability of cells, far too many 37 38 BETWEEN PRISON AND PROBATION criminals are sentenced to prison and to jail as punishments—too many felons and too many misdemeanants. A just and efficient sentencing system should include a range of punishments and not merely a choice between imprisonment and probation. A variety of intermediate punishments, along with appropriate treatment conditions, should be part of a comprehensive, integrated system of sentencing and punishment.
It also becomes possible to move appreciable numbers who otherwise would be sentenced to token probationary supervision into intermediate punishments that exercise larger controls over them and provide us with larger social protection from their criminality. The advantages are obvious; it is a liberating idea—but it has its problems, theoretical and practical. First, the theoretical problem. If appropriate guidance is to be given the sentencing judge under such a system of punishment, some "exchange rates" between punishments to achieve this rough equivalence must be stated in advance.
This apparent paradox of expanded use of alternative sanctions that did not measurably decrease use of incarceration is not difficult to explain. These programs tended to draw their subjects from those who had previously been sentenced less not more severely, from those who would otherwise be on "ordinary" probation rather than in prison or jail. The net of punishment was widened by the alternative punishment; in practice, as the Canadian Sentencing Commission demonstrated in its 1987 report, Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach, they were often not alternatives but additives.