By Fábio J. Ayres, Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, J.E. Leo Desautels
The presence of orientated positive aspects in photographs frequently conveys very important information regarding the scene or the gadgets contained; the research of orientated styles is a vital job within the normal framework of photo realizing. As in lots of different purposes of machine imaginative and prescient, the final framework for the knowledge of orientated good points in photographs may be divided into low- and high-level research. within the context of the examine of orientated good points, low-level research comprises the detection of orientated beneficial properties in pictures; a degree of the neighborhood significance and orientation of orientated positive aspects over the full sector of research within the picture is termed the orientation box. High-level research pertains to the invention of styles within the orientation box, frequently via associating the constitution perceived within the orientation box with a geometric version. This booklet offers an research of numerous vital equipment for the detection of orientated positive aspects in photographs, and a dialogue of the section portrait approach for high-level research of orientation fields. in an effort to illustrate the strategies built in the course of the ebook, an program is gifted of the part portrait strategy to computer-aided detection of architectural distortion in mammograms. desk of Contents: Detection of orientated gains in photographs / research of orientated styles utilizing section pictures / Optimization recommendations / Detection of web sites of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms
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Additional info for Analysis of Oriented Texture with Applications to the Detection of Architectural (Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering)
Example text
It is observed that the real and complex Gabor filters present the best accuracy: 1. 4 0. 9: Topographic maps showing AU C for the oriented feature detectors studied, at various levels of noise and scale (std = standard deviation). (a) Steerable filter. (b) Quadrature steerable filter. (c) Real Gabor filter. (d) Complex Gabor filter. (e) Line operator. Reproduced with permission from F. J. Ayres and R. M. Rangayyan. “Design and performance analysis of oriented feature detectors”. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 16(2):12 pages, April 2007.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 37 3. An image with oriented texture was obtained by simulating the following differential equation over time: ∂ρ(x, y, t) + ∇ · (ρ(x, y, t) v(x, y)) = Iorig (x, y) , ∂t with the initial condition ρ(x, y, 0) = 0. This equation known as the continuity equation, or conservation-of-mass equation in fluid mechanics [47]. The noise image Iorig (x, y) is interpreted as a constant source of matter, and the generated matter flows through space with the velocity v(x, y). The differential equation was simulated over the interval t = 0 to t = 20 (arbitrary units of time), and the final oriented texture image is given as I (x, y) = ρ(x, y, 20).
1 lists the three phase portraits and the corresponding orientation fields generated by a system of linear first-order differential equations. 2. Let us denote by M(x, y) and θ(x, y) the magnitude and angle components of the orientation field of I (x, y). At every pixel location (x, y), define the error between θ(x, y) and a synthetic orientation field φ(x, y|A, b) as r(x, y) = sin (θ (x, y) − φ(x, y|A, b)) . 9) The sum of the squared errors (referred to henceforth as the error measure), weighted by the magnitude of the orientation field, is given by 2 (A, b) = M(x, y) sin2 (θ (x, y) − φ(x, y|A, b)) .