By Song-Chun Zhu, David Mumford

A Stochastic Grammar of pictures is the 1st e-book to supply a foundational evaluate and viewpoint of grammatical methods to laptop imaginative and prescient. In its quest for a stochastic and context delicate grammar of pictures, it really is meant to function a unified frame-work of illustration, studying, and popularity for loads of item different types. It begins out through addressing the ancient developments within the zone and overviewing the most thoughts: resembling the and-or graph, the parse graph, the dictionary and is going directly to studying concerns, semantic gaps among symbols and pixels, dataset for studying and algorithms. The inspiration grammar provided integrates 3 widespread representations within the literature: stochastic grammars for composition, Markov (or graphical) types for contexts, and sparse coding with primitives (wavelets). It additionally combines the structure-based and visual appeal established equipment within the imaginative and prescient literature. on the finish of the evaluate, 3 case stories are offered to demonstrate the proposed grammar. A Stochastic Grammar of pictures is a crucial contribution to the literature on based statistical types in desktop imaginative and prescient.

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Additional resources for A Stochastic Grammar of Images

Example text

Each cluster in this space is an equivalence class subject to an affine transform, some deformation, as well as minor topological editing. These graphlets are generic 2D patterns, and some of them could be interpreted as object parts. 4 Parts and Objects If one is only interested in certain object categories segmented from the background, such as bicycles, cars, ipods, chairs, clothes, the dictionary will be object parts. 4 Parts and Objects 49 Fig. 7 High level visual vocabulary — the objects and parts.

These bonds are used for communication between different object instances. In the literature, Biederman [5] proposes a set of “geons” as 3D object elements, which are generalized cylinders for representing 3D man-made objects. In practice, it is very difficult to compute these generalized cylinders from images. In comparison, we adopt a view based representation for the primitives, graphlets, and parts which can be inferred relatively reliably. 4 Relations and Configurations While the hierarchical visual vocabulary represents the vertical compositional structures, the relations in this section represent the horizontal links for contextual information between nodes in the hierarchy at all levels.

The new leaves carry colors, textures etc. extrapolated from the visible parts of the object. Their occluded boundaries were what the gestalt school called amodal contours. The gestalt school demonstrated that people often make very precise predictions for such amodal contours. Below we will assume that the reusable parts do not overlap so that inclusion gives us a tree-like parse structure. This simplifies immensely the computational algorithms. Future work may require dealing with diamonds more carefully (REF Geman).

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